Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Analysis and Design

This course research the basics of how the design and operation of inner combustion engines have an effect on their efficiency, effectivity, gasoline necessities, and environmental affect. Subjects embody fluid movement, thermodynamics, combustion, warmth switch, friction phenomena, and gasoline properties, on the subject of engine energy, effectivity, and emissions. College students study the design options and working traits of several types of inner combustion engines: spark-ignition, diesel, stratified-charge, and mixed-cycle engines

COURSE OUTLINE

Fundamentals of Inside Combustion Engines

Engine & Warmth Engine

Comparability of Inside and Exterior combustion engines

Professionals and Cons of Inside Combustion engines

Engine classification.

• Classification of the Foundation of Cycle of Operation
• Classification of the Foundation of Kind of Gasoline Used
• Classification of the Foundation of Methodology of Charging
• Classification of the Foundation of Kind of Ignition
• Classification of the Foundation of Kind of Cooling
• Classification of the Foundation of Cylinder Association

Primary engine parts of  IC Engine

Nomenclature of IC Engine

4-stroke Spark Ignition SI Engines (Gasoline or Otto) & P-V AND T-S Diagrams of Otto Cycle

4-stroke Compression Ignition CI Engines (Diesel) & P-V AND T-S Diagrams of Diesel Cycle

Comparability of four-stroke Spark Ignition SI and Compression Ignition CI Engines

Interactive studying of engine parts and classification

Utility of IC and EC Engines.

Comparability of 4-Stroke and Two-Stroke Engines

Engine efficiency parameters

• Indicated Thermal Effectivity
• Brake Thermal Effectivity
• Mechanical Effectivity
• Volumetric Effectivity
• Relative Effectivity
• Imply Efficient stress
• Imply piston velocity
• Particular Energy Output
• Particular gasoline consumption
• Gasoline-air (?/?) or Air-fuel Ratio (?/?)
• Equivalence ratio
• Calorific Worth

Drawback-based studying of Engine measurement and testing (Numerical)

Otto cycle

Derivation for expressions of Thermal Effectivity, Work output, and Imply

Efficient Stress of the Air Normal Otto cycle

Drawback-based studying of the Air Normal Otto cycle (Numerical)

Diesel cycle

Derivation for expressions of Thermal Effectivity, Work output and Imply

Efficient Stress of the Air Normal Diesel cycle

Drawback-based studying of the Air Normal Diesel cycle (Numerical)

Twin cycle

Derivation for expressions of Thermal Effectivity, Work output and Imply

Efficient Stress of the Air Normal Twin cycle.

Drawback-based studying of the Air Normal Twin cycle (Numerical)

Comparability of Otto, Diesel, and Twin Cycles

Perceive the Brayton Cycle

Methods to do mushy calculations and plotting in excel for Fixing Numerical

Why you will need to research varieties of fuels and their traits?

Varieties of fuels (Stable, Liquid, and Gaseous Fuels)

Chemical construction of Petroleum

Necessary qualities of SI engine fuels

• Volatility
• Beginning & Heat-up
• Working vary efficiency:
• Crankcase Dilution
• Vapor Lock Traits:
• Antiknock High quality
• Gum Deposits
• Sulphur Content material

Necessary qualities of CI engine fuels

• Knock Traits
• Volatility
• Beginning Traits
• Smoking and Odour
• Viscosity
• Corrosion and Put on
• Dealing with Ease

Ranking of SI & CI Engine Fuels

The calorific worth of gasoline

Why there’s a want for alternate fuels?

• Alcohol as a gasoline
• Hydrogen as a gasoline
• Pure gasoline as a gasoline
• LPG as gasoline

Carburetor In Inside Combustion Engines

Components Affecting Carburetion

• The Engine Velocity
• Vaporization Traits of the Gasoline
• The temperature of Incoming Air
• Design

Air-Gasoline Combination Necessities

• Idling/ Beginning
• Cruising/ Regular Energy
• Most Energy/ Acceleration

Parts of Carburetor

• Gasoline Strainer
• Float Chamber
• Gasoline Discharge Nozzle
• Choke Valve
• Throttle Valve

Precept of Carburetion

Deficiencies of the Elementary Carburetor

Perceive Fashionable Carburetor Design

Compensating Units

• Air Bleed Jet
• Compensating Jet
• Emulsion Tube

Varieties of Carburetor Primarily based on Route of Move

• Up-draught
• Down-draught
• Cross –draught

Calculation of air Gasoline Ratio in Carburetor

Drawback-based studying of the Carburetor (Numerical)

Mechanical Injection Methods

Comparability between Carburetor and Mechanical Injection Methods

Purposeful Necessities of Injection Methods

Classification of Injection Methods

• Air Injection System
• Stable (Airless) Injection System

Most important Parts and dealing of Mechanical Injection Methods

Numerous Gasoline Injection Methods

• Particular person Pump and Nozzle Methods
• Unit Injector System
• Widespread Rail System
• Distributor System

Comparability of Numerous Gasoline Injection System

Varieties of Pump in Gasoline Injection Methods

• Gasoline Feed Pumps
• Injection Pumps
• Jerk Kind Pumps
• Distributor Kind Pumps

Injection Pump Governor

• Mechanical Governor
• Pneumatic Governor

Gasoline Injector Meeting and its working

Nozzle in Combustion Chamber

Features of Nozzle

Varieties of Nozzles

Spray formation in Combustion Chamber

Amount of Gasoline and Dimension of Nozzle Orifice

Injection in SI Engines (Continued and Time Injection)

Combustion Course of and Combustion Chambers in IC Engines

Introduction to Combustion

Combustion Reactions and Equations

Calorific Valves & Homogenous combination of air and gasoline for Combustion

Combustion in SI Engines

Phases of Combustion in SI Engines

Flame Entrance Propagation

Components influencing the flame velocity throughout Combustion

• Temperature and Stress
• Engine Output
• Engine Velocity
• Engine Dimension

Phenomena of Knock in SI Engines

Results of Engine Variables on Knocking

• Density Components
• Time Components
• Composition Components

Combustion in CI Engines

Phases of Combustion in CI Engines

• Ignition Delay Interval
• Interval of Fast / Uncontrolled Combustion
• Interval of managed Combustion

Components affecting the delay interval

• Compression Ratio
• Consumption Temperature
• Consumption Stress
• High quality of Fuels
• Velocity
• Output
• Atomization and Period of Injection
• Injection Timing

Comparability between SI and CI Engine Knocking

Traits of tending to Cut back Detonation or Knock

Combustion Chambers of SI and CI Engines

Numerical Issues Combustion and Combustion Chambers

Inside Combustion Engine Emissions and Management

Introduction to IC Engine Emissions

Air Air pollution because of IC Engine

Euro Norms / European Emission Requirements

Classification of Engine Emissions

Causes of Hydrocarbon Emission

• Incomplete Combustion
• Crevice Volumes and Move in Crevices
• Leakage previous the Exhaust Valves
• Valve Overlap
• Deposits on Partitions
• Oil on Combustion Chamber Partitions

HC Emissions from SI and CI Engines

Different Varieties of Engine Emissions

• Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Emissions
• Photochemical Smog
• Particulates Emission
• Aldehydes and Lead Emission
• Oxides of Sulfur (SOx) Emissions

Engine Emissions Controls

Modification in Engine Design & Working Parameters

• Combustion Chamber Configuration
• Decrease Compression Ratio
• Modified Induction System
• Ignition Timing
• Decreased Valve Overlap

Emissions Management by Exhaust Gasoline Oxidation

• Thermal Converters
• Catalytic Converters
• Exhaust Manifold Reactor
• Exhaust Gasoline Recirculation
• Particulate Traps
• Crankcase Blowby

Emission Management by Modification of Fuels

Lubrication and Lubrication Methods in IC Engines

Introduction to Lubrication

Lubrication and its Features

Bodily and Chemical Stability of Lubricant

Properties and Viscocity  of Lubricants

• Flash Level and Free Level Temperature
• Cloud Level and Pour Level Temperature
• Oiliness, Anti Corrosive and Emulsification
• Adhesiveness, Movie Power & Particular Gravity
• Neutralization Quantity

Lubricating Oil Components

• Detergents
• Dispersants
• Anti-Put on Components
• Rust Inhibitors
• Viscosity Index Improvers
• Pour Level Components
• Anti-Foaming Brokers
• Anti-Oxidants
• Oiliness Enchancment

Kind of Lubricants

• Mineral Oils
• Fatty Oils
• Artificial Oils
• Multi-Grade Oils
• Greases

Lubrication Methods

• Moist Sump Lubrication System
• Dry Sump Lubrication System
• Mist Lubrication System

Engine Cooling Methods for IC Engines

The need of Engine Cooling

Demerits of Over Cooling

Gasoline Temperature Variation

Results of Working Variables on Engine Warmth Switch

• Compression Ratio
• Air Gasoline Ratio
• Ignition Timing
• Load and Velocity

Cooling Methods

• Air-Cooling Methods
• Liquid/Water Cooling Methods